Organizations can be temporary (a fishing association formed to lobby on a specific regulation) or long-term (like the Gloucester Fishermen’s Wives Association or Massachusetts Lobstermen’s Association). Fishing cooperatives may be intermittent then close (like the Point Judith (RI) Cooperative) or the long-term (like the Point Pleasant and Belford (NJ) Cooperatives) (re. Poggie 1980, Taylor 1990, Pérez-Ramírez et al. 2012). Though cooperative-like, groundfish sector members do not necessarily share a common hometown or port of landing (Olson & Pinto da Silva 2014). One factor in the success of all these organizations is social networks (aka social capital/social bonds) – social connections to others in the organization and outside people of influence (Holland et al. 2013, Hawkins & Maurer 2009:6). Stronger social bonds aid in coping with adversity (re. Clay et al. 2016).
References
- Clay, Patricia M., Lisa L. Colburn, and Tarsila Seara. "Social bonds and recovery: An analysis of Hurricane Sandy in the first year after landfall." Marine Policy 74 (2016): 334-340
- Hawkins, Robert L., and Katherine Maurer. "Bonding, bridging and linking: how social capital operated in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina." British Journal of Social Work 40, no. 6 (2009): 1777-1793.
- Holland, Daniel S., Andrew W. Kitts, Patricia Pinto Da Silva, and Joshua Wiersma. "Social capital and the success of harvest cooperatives in the New England groundfish fishery." Marine Resource Economics 28, no. 2 (2013): 133-153.
- Olson, Julia, and Patricia Pinto Da Silva. "Changing boundaries and institutions in environmental governance: perspectives on sector management of the Northeast US groundfish fishery." Maritime Studies 13, no. 1 (2014): 3.
- Pérez-Ramírez, Mónica, Germán Ponce-Díaz, and Salvador Lluch-Cota. "The role of MSC certification in the empowerment of fishing cooperatives in Mexico: The case of red rock lobster co-managed fishery." Ocean & coastal management 63 (2012): 24-29.
- Poggie, John J. "Maritime Anthropology: Socio-Cultural Analysis of Small-Scale Fishermen's Cooperatives: Introduction." Anthropological Quarterly (1980): 1-3.
- Taylor, Michael. "Cooperation and rationality: Notes on the collective action problem and its solutions." The limits of rationality (1990): 222-249.