Dredging was defined as activity involving physically removing substrate with machinery typically to allow for safe passage of vessels. Polygons for dredged areas were extracted from NOAA habitat maps, NOAA/USACE maintained channels, and NOAA ENCs available as of 2016. Point locations associated with recent dredging projects in which the USACE consulted NOAA in regards to essential fish habitat were buffered by 100 m (Data from NOAA PIRO, unpublished). All features were assigned a value of 1 and converted to raster, resulting in a presence/absence layer of dredging.
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