Direct human impact includes trampling, swimming, disturbance or displacement of wildlife, and any other effects of human bodies physically in or near the water. To approximate this across the MHI, the InVEST recreation model was run statewide at 1 km resolution for the years 2005 – 2014. This model uses publicly visible geotagged photos posted to the photo-sharing website Flickr to calculate the annual average number of photo users per day per grid cell. A band of coastal pixels that intersect the shoreline was extracted from the model output and focal statistics with a 3 x 3 neighborhood was used to smooth the surface (accounting for inaccuracy in photo positions) and extend the data offshore. Map units are presented as a normalized score from 0 - 1.